UNDERSTANDING BREAST CARCINOMA: CAUSES, WARNING SIGNS AND WHEN TO GET TESTED
Breast carcinoma arises from the epithelial cells of the breast ducts or lobules. It mostly affects women, but may affect men as well. It may be slow-growing and localised, or turn into an aggressive metastatic disease. Early detection and screening has been found to improve the prognosis, and awareness of the same is essential.
Age and Gender
The incidence of breast carcinoma increases significantly with age, and women are most commonly affected owing to hormonal factors and a greater volume of the breast tissue. On the other hand, a lack of awareness among men may delay the diagnosis, and they usually present late.
Genetics and Family History
Mutations in genes like the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes can increase the risk of development of breast carcinoma. A positive family history of this condition in first-degree relatives needs close surveillance and regular follow-ups. Genetic testing may aid in identifying the high-risk groups.
Hormonal Factors
Long-term exposure to estrogen can elevate the risk of breast carcinoma. Early beginning of the menstrual cycles and late menopause also contribute to this. Having the first pregnancy after thirty years of age may influence the risk. Nulliparity has been found to be associated with breast carcinoma risk. On the other hand, breastfeeding and early childbirth may offer protective benefits, as they reduce estrogen exposure.
Obesity and Alcohol
An increased weight after menopause may be a contributing factor for the development of breast carcinoma. Long-term intake of alcohol may raise the estrogen levels and cause damage to the DNA, which elevates the risk. Physical activity, maintaining a healthy body weight, and limiting the consumption of alcohol may aid in reducing the risk.
Common Symptoms
Painless lumps may be palpable in the breast, and some people may notice bloody discharge from the nipples, and changes in the shape and size of the breast. A characteristic ‘peau-de-orange’ (orange-peel appearance) must be noted and reported to the healthcare provider. Ulceration of the skin may seen in some people. Early symptoms may be subtle, and regular check-up is necessary.
Also Read: Senior oncologist reveals 8 breast cancer symptoms many women ignore until it’s too late
Advanced cases may present with pain in the bones, back pain, jaundice, and headache. Lymph node enlargement in the axilla (armpit) may be observed.
Monthly self-examination of the breasts may help in identifying early changes like breast lumps or nipple abnormalities. Mammography for screening and MRI or ultrasonography for suspected cases may be advised.
FAQs on Breast Carcinoma
Can men get breast carcinoma?
Yes, men can develop breast carcinoma, although it is less common. Lack of awareness may lead to delayed diagnosis in men.
How does family history affect breast carcinoma risk?
A positive family history of breast carcinoma, especially in first-degree relatives, increases risk. Genetic mutations such as BRCA1 and BRCA2 further heighten this risk.
Does breastfeeding reduce the risk of breast carcinoma?
Yes, breastfeeding can reduce the risk of breast carcinoma by lowering oestrogen exposure.
What are common symptoms of breast carcinoma?
Common symptoms include painless breast lumps, bloody nipple discharge, changes in breast shape and size, and 'peau-de-orange' appearance. Advanced symptoms may include bone pain, jaundice, and lymph node enlargement.
Disclaimer: This article, including health and fitness advice, only provides generic information. Don’t treat it as a substitute for qualified medical opinion. Always consult a specialist for specific health diagnosis.
2025-12-05T13:17:27Z