NOT ALWAYS HEALTHY: WHO SHOULD AVOID DRINKING WATER FROM COPPER BOTTLE AND WHY

In recent years, copper bottles have gained widespread popularity, and are being celebrated for their antimicrobial properties and potential health benefits. Additionally, copper is an essential trace mineral required for important bodily functions, including the formation of red blood cells, the maintenance of nerve cells, and the functioning of the immune system.

However, while copper is essential in small amounts, excessive intake can be harmful. For an average adult, as per NIH facts sheet, 890 micrograms is the recommended daily dietary allowance. For women, this may differ during pregnancy or lactation. This underscores the importance of moderation. While copper water bottles can contribute to dietary copper intake, overuse or prolonged storage of water in copper vessels may exceed safe levels. Certain individuals should exercise caution or avoid using them due to the risk of copper toxicity.

Individuals with kidney disorders

Studies have shown an association between elevated copper levels and the prevalence of chronic kidney disease. In individuals with compromised kidney function, the ability to filter and excrete excess copper from the body is diminished, which leads to the accumulation of copper in the body. This accumulation can result in copper toxicity, characterized by symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and, in severe cases, liver and kidney damage.

Individuals with copper sensitivity or allergies

Copper is generally considered a weak sensitizer compared to other metals. However, in rare cases, individuals may develop allergic reactions to copper. A 2014 study reported that approximately 3.8% of individuals tested showed a positive patch test reaction to copper, indicating a potential for allergic contact dermatitis. Allergic reactions can lead to conditions such as:

• Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD): Characterized by red, itchy rashes at the site of contact.
• Contact urticaria: Immediate skin reactions resembling hives.
• Systemic allergic reactions: More severe responses affecting the whole body.

Children and infants

A 2003 study demonstrated that children exposed to elevated copper levels in drinking water exhibited higher rates of gastrointestinal disturbances compared to adults. Infants and toddlers should not consume water stored in copper vessels as immature liver and kidneys are less efficient at metabolizing and excreting excess copper. As per NIH, the dietary intake of copper for children varies with age:

• 0–6 months- 200 micrograms
• 7–12 months- 220 micrograms
• 1–3 years- 340 micrograms
• 4–8 years- 440 micrograms
• 9–13 years- 700 micrograms
• 14–18 years- 890 micrograms

People diagnosed with wilson’s disease

Wilson’s Disease is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the body's inability to properly eliminate copper, leading to its accumulation in organs such as the liver, brain, and kidneys. This accumulation can result in severe health complications, including liver failure, neurological damage, and kidney dysfunction. Drinking water stored in copper vessels can lead to elevated copper intake.

Symptoms of copper toxicity

Early signs of copper toxicity often include gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Some individuals may also experience neurological effects, including headaches, dizziness, and a general feeling of malaise.

In severe or prolonged cases, copper accumulation can cause serious organ damage, particularly affecting the liver and kidneys, potentially leading to liver dysfunction, kidney impairment, and other systemic complications.

Safe practices when using copper bottles

Even for healthy individuals, following safe practices can help maximize the benefits of copper bottles while minimizing potential risks.

• Limit storage time: Store water for 6 to8 hours; overnight is usually fine, but avoid storing for days.
• Regular cleaning: Clean bottles frequently with mild detergent and water; avoid harsh chemicals.
• Avoid acidic liquids: Do not store lemon water, vinegar, or other acidic liquids, as they increase copper leaching.
• Check bottle condition: Avoid using damaged, corroded, or scratched copper vessels.
• Moderation: Drink water from copper bottles in moderation to prevent excessive copper intake.

Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not substitute for professional advice.